Theories in OB
Many theories in organizational behaviour
* Classical organizational theory (scientific management, administrative theory,bureaucracy model)
* Neoclassical organizational theory(HAWTHORNE EXPERIMENTS)
* Simon's theory
* contingency theory
* Chandler theory
* Lawrence and lorsch theory
* System theory
Classical organisational theory:-
The origin of management in the organized way can be traced as back as the origin of human beings. 1. CLASSICAL THEORIES BUREAUCRACY Max Weber (1864-1920) a German sociologist introduced the theory of Bureaucracy His major contribution to the theory is the concept of authority, structure and its inter-se relationship.
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT – TAYLOR Fredrick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915), Frank Gilberth his wife Lillan Gilberth and Henry Gantt have done pioneering work in the field of management they evolved methods and techniques and transformed the field of management in which all works were to be done in the scientific way.
ADMINISTRATIVE THEORY :- The Real father of modern management theory is the French industrialist Henry Fayol. His contribution is generally termed as process management and administrative management. Fayol looked at the problems from the top management point of view. He has used the term ‘administration’ instead of management emphasising that there is unity of science of administration. in administrative 14 principal functions.
BUREAUCRACY MODEL :- It was developed by Max Weber, who is also known as Father of Sociology• According to Weber, bureaucracy is a specific administrative structure, which is based on a legal and rule-oriented authority"
features of bureaucracy model
1. Established distribution of work between the members of the organization
2. An administrative hierarchy
3. A rule-oriented system, which describes the performance of the work
4. Separation of personnel possessions and rights for the office
5. Selection of staff according to technical qualifications
6. Employment involves a career
2. NEO-CLASSICAL THEORIES Human Relations Era Human relations era started in 1927 onwards. It was a movement spearheaded by Elton Mayo. The essence of the movement was the belief that the key to higher productivity was employee satisfaction. Dale Carnegie, Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor also made the contribution to above philosophy.
Hawthorne Experimets:- It challenged classical view . It was conducted by Mayo and Roethlisberger in late 1920's at Western Electric plant in Hawthorne, Illionis While manipulating conditions in the work environment (eg, intensity of lightning), they found that any change had a positive impact on productivity . The act of paying attention to employees in a friendly and non-threatening way was sufficient by itself to increase output.
3. Simon's theory :- Proposed the model of limited rationally to explain hawthorne experiments it stated that workers could respond unpredictability to managerial attention.
4. Chandler theory:- he proposed that an organisation would naturally evolve to meet needs of its strategy it would act in a rational, sequential and liner manner . this theory studied only 4 large US corporations.effectiveness was functions of management ability to adapt to environmental changes.
5.Lawrence and Lorsch theory:- it studied how organizations adjusted to fit their environment they noted the importance of giving managers at all levels the authority to make decisions over their domain manager would be free to make decisions contingent on the current situations
6. Systems theory :- is was originally proposed by Hungarian niologist ludung von bertanlanffy,in 1928 All the components of the organization are interrelated and that changing one variable might in organizations are viewed as open systems,continually interacting with their environment. this theory one of the most silent argument against system theory is the complexity introduced by non linearity make its difficult.
7. Contingency theory:-
It deals primarily with conflict
Conflict is unavoidable but manageable Organizations evolve to meet their own strategic needs in rational, sequential and linear ways Adapting to changes in environment is important to managerial and organizational success
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