Meaning of personality :-
Personality is conceptualised by external appearance of an individual which influences other persons. personality is the collection of all possible ways in which communicate with each other.
DEFINITIONS OF PERSONALITY
According to Schiffman and Kanuk, "Personality can be defined as those inner psychological characteristics that both determine and reflect how a person responds to his or her environment".
According to Camerson, "Personality is the dynamic organisation of interlocking behaviour systems, that each of us possesses, as he grows from a biological newborn to a biological adult in an environment of other individuals and cultural products".
According to Eyseneck, "Personality is more or less a stable and enduring organisation of a person's character, temperament, intelligence and physique which determine his unique adjustment to environment".
- Unique
- Result of both Heredity and
- Environment
- Integration of Various Traits
- Reflects Individual Differences
- Learned or Acquired
- Dynamic Process
- Social
DETERMINES OF PERSONALITY
1) Biological contribution:- it means human beings absorb external stimulus and react it .biological contribution are divided into three parts
Heredity:- it means transfer of features from predecessors to the next generations.
Brain :- important factors of personality is brain means believed that its structure no concrete evidence define is found yet to confirm its relevance in personality development.
Physical features:- physical features influence others and also the self-image
2) Social factors:- family and social background have an immense impact on personality development. there are three factor influence:-
- Home environment:- the environment where a person is born.
- Social groups:- society are also influence an individual personality for example:- friends circle, child studies , schools
- family members:- parents and children share a stronger bond than the bond between children and teacher . siblings and parents play an important role in personality.
3) Culture factors:- means culture factors are decided what the person actually is and what is learning.
4) situational factors:- situational factors are dynamic and change with the social conditions. people come across various situation that changes their perspective towards things.
Types of Personality
Type A:
• They are generally obsessed with work involved with numbers.
• People having Type A personality are always moving, walking and eating rapidly.
• They feel impatient with the speed the events take place.
• They always strive to do two or three thing at any one time and cannot cope with leisure.
Type B
• These people have the tendency to relax without guilt.
• Personality never suffers from sense of urgency and takes thing as it comes coolly.
• They do not discuss achievement and leave it to the superiors to identify it.
• People having B type of personality play for fun and relaxation rather than to show off.
Big 5 Personality Traits:
Lewis Goldberg may be the most prominent researcher in the field of personality psychology. The five factors Goldberg identified as primary factors of personality are:
i. Openness - People who like to learn new things and enjoy new experiences usually score high in openness. The tendency to appreciate new art, ideas, values, feelings, and behaviors
ii. Conscientiousness - People that have a high degree of conscientiousness are reliable and prompt. Traits include being organized, methodic, and thorough.
iii. Extroversion - Extraverts get their energy from interacting with others. Extraversion includes the traits of energetic, talkative, and assertive.
iv. Agreeableness - These individuals are friendly, cooperative, and compassionate. People with low agreeableness may be more distant. Traits include being kind, affectionate, and sympathetic.
v. Neuroticism - Neuroticism is also sometimes called Emotional Stability. The tendency to frequently experience negative emotions such as anger, worry, and sadness
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