Mc Carthy givens the concept of 4ps.
PhilipKotler has given the marketing mix.
PhilipKotler has given 7ps
Broom Bitwler has given 3ps.
1. Brand: A name and/or mark intended to identify and differentiate the product of one seller or a group of sellers.
2. Brand mark: The part of a brand that appears in the form of a symbol, design, or distinctive colour or types of lettering.
3.. Brand Name: The part of a brand that can be vocalized-words, letters, and/or numbers.
4.Product life cycle: The aggregate demand over an extended period of time for all brands comprising a generic product category.
5. Product line: A broad group of products intended for essentially similar uses and having similar phyical characteristics.
6. Promotion: The element in an organisation’s marketing mix that serves to inform, persuade, and remind the market of a product and/or the organization selling it in the hope of influencing the recipients’ feelings, beliefs, or behaviour.
7. Promotional mix: The combination of personal selling, advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and publicity that is intended to help an organization achieve its marketing objectives.
8. Advertising: All activities involved in presenting to an audience a nonpersonal, sponsor-identified, paid-for message about a product/service of an organization.
9. Advertising Agency: An independent company that provides specialized advertising services and may also offer more general marketing assistance.
10. Advertising Media: The communication vehicles (such as newspapers, radio, television etc) that carry advertising as well as other information and entertainment.
11. AIDA: A sequence of steps in various forms of promotion, notably personal selling and advertising, consisting of Attention, holding Interest, arousing Desire, and generating buyer Action.
12. Publicity: A special form of public relations that involves any communication about an organization, its products, or its policies through the media that isnot paid for by the sponsoring organization.
13. Public relations: Communication efforts that are designed to favourably influence attitudes toward an organization, its products and its policies.
14. Pull strategy: Promotional effort directed primarily at end users so they will ask middlemen for the product.
15. Push strategy: Promotional efforts that directed primarily at middlemen that are the next link forward in the distribution channel for a product.
16. SWOT Analysis: It is identifying and evaluating an organisation’s most significant strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.
17. Target market: A group of customers (people of organizations) for whom a seller designs a particular marketing mix.
18. Telemarketing: A form of nonstore retailing in which a sales person initiates contact with a shopper and also closes the sale over the telephone.
19 Telephone survey: A method of gathering data by interviewing people over the telephone
20. Marketing Plan: A written document that presents the master blueprint for a year’s marketing activity for a specified organizational division or major product.
21. Automatic Vending: A form of nonstore retailing where the products are sold through a machine with no personal contact between the buyer and seller.
22. Customer Relationship Management (CRM): An ongoing interaction between a buyer and a seller in which the seller continuously improves its understanding of the buyer’s needs, and the buyer becomes increasingly loyal to the seller because his needs are being so well satisfied.
23. Demand Forecasting: The process of estimating sales of a product during some future period.
24. Demographic segmentation: Subdividing markets into groups based on population factors such as size, age, and growth
25. Direct marketing: A form of nonstore retailing that uses advertising to contact consumers who, in turn, purchase products without visiting a retail store.
26. Direct selling: A form of nonstore retailing in which personal contact between a sales person and a consumer occurs away from a retail store. Sometimes called in-home selling.
27. Discount store: A large-scale retail institution that has a broad and shallow product assortment, low prices, and few customer services.
28. Distribution channel: The set of people and firms involved in the transfer of title to a product as the product moves from producer to ultimate consumer or business user.
29. Sales promotion: Demand-stimulating devices designed to supplement advertising and facilitate personal selling.
30. Service: An identifiable, intangible activity that is the main object of a transaction designed to provide want satisfaction to customers.
31. Service quality: The degree to which an intangible offering meets the expectations of the customer.
32. Channel Conflict: A situation in which one channel member perceives another channel member to be acting in a way that prevents the first member from achieving.
33.Delphi Method: A forecasting technique, applicable to sales forecasting, in which a group of experts individually and anonymously assess future sales, after which each member has the chance to offer a revised assessment as the group moves toward a consensus.
34. Demand Forecasting: The process of estimating sales of a product during some future period.
35. Demographic segmentation: Subdividing markets into groups based on population factors such as size, age, and growth.
36.Geographic segmentation: Subdividing markets into groups based on geographic locations.
37. Label: The part of a product that carries information about the product and the seller.
38.Product life cycle: The aggregate demand over an extended period of time for all brands comprising a generic product category.
39. Product line: A broad group of products intended for essentially similar uses and having similar phyical characteristics
40.Supply chain management: The combination of distribution channels and physical distribution to make up the total marketing system.
41.Trademark: A brand that has been adopted by a seller and given legal protection.
42. Value chain: The combination of a company, its suppliers, and intermediaries, performing their own activities to add value to a product
43.Gray marketing: Practice of buying a product in one country, agreeing to distribute it in a second country but diverting it to a third country; also called export diversion
44.Focus group: A preliminarly data gathering method involving an interactive interview of 4 to 10 people
45. Channel Conflict: A situation in which one channel member perceives another channel member to be acting in a way that prevents the first member from achieving.
46 Wholesaling: The sale, and all activities directly related to the sale, of goods and services to businesses and other organizations for resale, use in producing other goods and services, or the operation of an organization.
47. Environmental Scanning: The process of gathering information regarding a company’s external environment, analyzing it, and foreasting the impact of whatever trends the analysis suggests. Same as environmental monitoring.
48.Market potential: The total sales volume that all organizations selling a product during a stated time period in a specific market could expect to achieve under ideal condition.
49.. Market segmentation: The process of dividing the total market for a good or service into several smaller groups, such that the members of each group are similar with respect to the factors that influence demand.
50.Market share: The proportion of total sales of a product during a stated period of time in a specific market that is captured by a single firm.
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