Meaning And Definition Collective Bargaining
ACCORDING TO FLIPPO "Collective Bargaining is is a process in which the representatives of a labor organization & the representatives of business organization meet and attempt to negotiate a contract or agreement, which specifies the nature of employee employer union relationship".
According to Beach," Collective Bargaining is concerned with the relation between unions reporting employees and employers.
According to Encyclopedia Britannica, "Collective bargaining is negotiation between an employer or group of employers and a group of work people to reach an agreement on working conditions."
According to David and Robbins, "The term collective bargaining typically refers to the negotiation, administration and interpretation of a written agreement between two parties that covers a specific period of time.
Collective bargaining is the term used to describe a situation in which the essential conditions of employment are determined by bargaining process undertaken by representatives of a group of workers on the one hand and of one or more employers on the other."
Collective agreements usually set out
- wage scales
- working hours
- Training
- health and safety
- Overtime
- grievance mechanisms
- rights to participate in workplace or company affairs
FEATURES OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
- It is a group process,
- Negotiations form an important aspect of the process of collective bargaining.
- Collective bargaining is a formalized process
- Collective bargaining is a process
- It a bipartite process
- Collective bargaining is a complementary process
- It is a collective process. The representatives of both workers and management participate in bargaining.
- It is a continuous process. It establishes regular and stable relationship between the parties involved.
IMPORTANCE OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
- It provides a method or the regulation of the conditions of employment of those who are directly concerned about them.
- It becomes easier for the management to resolve issues at the bargaining level rather than taking up complaints of individual workers.
- Collective bargaining develops a sense of self respect and responsibility among the employees.
- It increases the strength of the workforce, thereby, increasing their bargaining capacity as a group.
- Collective bargaining increases the morale and productivity of employees.
- Collective bargaining opens up the channel of communication between the workers and the management and increases worker participation in decision making.
OBJECTIVES OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
1. To provide an opportunity to the workers, to voice their problems on issues related to employment.
2. To maintain relations between the management and workers
3. To resolve all conflicts and disputes in a mutually agreeable manner.
4. To prevent any conflict/disputes in the future through mutually signed contracts.
5. To resolve the differences between workers and management through voluntary negotiation.
6. To maintain relations between the management and workers.
Essentials For Successful Collective Bargaining
- Trade Union Recognition
- Observance of Agreements
- Positive attitude
- Good Faith
- Proper Internal Communication
- Favourable political climate
TYPES OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
1. Conjunctive or Distributive Bargaining:- my gain is your loss , and your gain is my loss" i.e. one party wins over the other.
2. Cooperative or Integrative Bargaining-: In this both the parties may gain or at least neither party loses.e.g.better training programmes. Integrative bargaining is similar to problem solving sessions in which both sides are trying to reach a mutually beneficial alternative, i.e. a win-win situation.
3. Composite Bargaining :- composite Bargaining refers to a negotiation that focuses on a number of elements that are not related to pay. They are generally related to pay. they are generally related to employee welfare and job security.
or
Composite Bargaining where labour bargains not only for wages but goes a step further and demands equity in other matters relating to work norms, employment levels, etc in return for agreeing to the tight productivity norms set by management.
4. Productivity Bargaining :- Productivity bargaining involves both parties negotiating around productivity and pay so union may suggest that higher salaries would boost productivity.where the wages and benefits of workers are linked to productivity
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING PROCESS
- Prepare
- Discuss
- Propose
- Bargain
- Settlement
OR
1. Preparing for Negotiations
2. Propose Key Demands
3. Negotiation
4. Agreement Reached
5 Administration of Agreement
ADVANTAGES OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
- Both parties can engage in discussions to solve problems.
- All union members and management must conform to terms of contract without exception
- It establishes workable bilateral relationship between the staf and the management.
- Collective bargaining allows for the protection of everyone's rights and welfare.
- Contract to guide standards
- Participation in decision-making process
DISADVANTAGES OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
- While collective bargaining was developed to bridge the communication gap between the employers and employees. they can easily create further rifts instead of bridging the gap.
- Collective bargaining is time consuming.
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